Ernst Gideon von Laudon

Lore & Background

Laudon was born in Russian Livonia, which had been ceded to Russia after the Great Northern War. He joined the Imperial Russian Army in 1732 but became frustrated by poor conditions and lack of prospects. He eventually entered Austrian service and distinguished himself during the Second Silesian War against Prussia. The Seven Years' War catapulted him to fame, earning elevation to Austrian nobility by Empress Maria Theresa. He scored decisive victories over Prussian forces at Kunersdorf and Landeshut, though his fortunes reversed at Liegnitz.

After the peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Laudon remained active, serving in the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–1779) and later being recalled in 1788 for the Austro-Turkish War, capturing Belgrade in three weeks. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Austrian armed forces by Emperor Joseph II in 1789 but died on duty at age 73.

Reader's Guide

Ernst Gideon von Laudon's significance lies in his role as one of the few commanders to inflict major defeats on Frederick the Great during the Seven Years' War, particularly at Kunersdorf and Landeshut. His aggressive tactics contrasted with the cautious strategies of contemporaries like Daun, creating friction but also yielding notable successes. His later capture of Belgrade demonstrated continued effectiveness despite advanced age. Laudon's career illustrates the challenges of coalition warfare, as seen in his disputes over support at Liegnitz, and the shifting fortunes of military leadership in 18th-century Europe. His legacy endures as a symbol of Austrian military competence against Prussia.

Did You Know?

• Laudon was originally rejected by Frederick the Great when he sought employment in the Prussian army.
• He was created a Freiherr in the Austrian nobility by Maria Theresa after the Battle of Kunersdorf in 1759.
• He captured the fortress of Schweidnitz in a night assault on 30 September/1 October 1761.
• His last major victory was the capture of Belgrade in three weeks during the Austro-Turkish War.